Abuhamad, Husam
Zainudin, Suhaila
Abu Bakar, Azuraliza
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Higher Education, Malaysia (FRGS/1/ 2022/ICT02/ UKM/02/7)
Article History
Received: 24 August 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 20 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.