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Authors
Wang, Wenjun
Jia, Wenting
Du, Yingying
Zhao, Dan
Shi, Chang
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Liaoning Provincial Scientific and Technological Plan Project (2023010789-JH3/108)
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Article History
Received: 16 September 2025
Accepted: 13 January 2026
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University (Approval No: PJ-KS-KY-2024-100). All human tissue samples and associated clinicopathological data were collected retrospectively after obtaining informed consent from participants or their family members. All procedures conformed to the ethical standards of the institutional review board and the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. All personal identifiers were removed to ensure privacy and confidentiality.
