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Authors
Abid, Muhammad Shujaat
Hussain, Mushtaq
Nabi, Said
Sehar, Tayyaba
Hussain, Dildar
Gu, Yeong Hyeon
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Article History
Received: 11 June 2025
Accepted: 16 January 2026
First Online: 28 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilized data from the UNBC McMaster Shoulder pain Expression Archive Database, which is publicly available for research purposes. Ethical approval for the collection and use of this data was granted by the University of Northern British Columbia. Informed consent was obtained from participants, who were made aware of the study’s objectives and their rights. Researchers can access the dataset by signing an agreement form and will receive instructions within five business days.
