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Authors
Fu, Guannan
Zhang, Xiaoqian
Jiang, Yechao
Zhang, Daqing
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Article History
Received: 27 August 2025
Accepted: 17 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. It was approved by the Academic Committee of the College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shandong University of Science and Technology (approval date: July 2, 2025).
: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.
