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Authors
Raziuddin, M.
Babu, R. Narendra
Rao, V. Appa
Ramani, R.
Bhosale, A. V.
Vasanthi, C.
Adil, Shaikh
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tamil Nadu University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences
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Article History
Received: 18 July 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 17 April 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: As the research did not involve any human participants or live animals, ethical approval was not required. However, all experimental procedures were carried out in accordance with institutional guidelines and internationally accepted principles for laboratory research and biosafety. The Vero cell line was obtained from a certified cell repository of Tamil Nadu University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences and its use complied with relevant ethical standards.
