Wen, Hao
Yang, Changwei
Hou, Baorui
Chen, Guangpeng
Wang, Zhihao
Lian, Jing
Su, Ke
Li, Xunfeng
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52372343)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52502430)
Sichuan Transportation Science and Technology Project (2023-A-03)
Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2024YFHZ0121)
The R&D Fund Project of China Academy of Railway Science Corporation Limited (K2024G008)
National Key Research & Development Program of China (2025YFE0123800)
Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.