March-Yagüe, Aina
Toledo, Diana
Díaz, Asunción
Godoy, Pere
Pérez-Martínez, Olaia
Pericas, Carles
Sanchez-Migallon, Alonso
Chirlaque, María Dolores
Ospina, Jesús
Grau, María
Roig, Francisco
Domínguez, Angela
,
Lorusso, Nicola
Mingo, Miguel
Briones, Eduardo
García, Laura
Morais, Julio
Pérez, Óscar
Torres, Álvaro
Álvarez, Virginia
Martín, Saray
del Carmen Pacheco, María
Soldevila, Nuria
Martínez, Itziar
Mendioroz, Jacobo
Ciruela, Pilar
Martínez, Ana
Millet, Joan Pau
Rius, Cristina
Acosta, Lesly
Vázquez, Ana
Guerra-Tort, Carla
Martin-Gisbert, Lucía
Aroca, Lorena
Pérez, Lorena
Vanaclocha, Hermelinda
Sanchez-Seco, María Paz
Guzmán, Bernardo
Sierra, María Jose
Funding for this research was provided by:
Agència de Gestió d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca (2021/SGR 00702)
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (MONKPOX-ESP22)
Article History
Received: 3 June 2025
Accepted: 20 January 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study protocol was formally approved by the Ethics Committee of Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CEI PI 69_2022). This approval ensured that the study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Helsinki Declaration. No personally identifiable data from any subject were included, and all data were fully anonymized.
: All data were collected as part of routine public health surveillance activities, in accordance with the “Protocol for early detection and case management in the context of the mpox alert in Spain” [11], which was implemented in response to the ongoing multistate mpox outbreak. Consequently, written informed consent from patients was not required.