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Authors
Elgohr, Abdelrahman T.
Rashad, Maher
El-Gendy, Eman M.
Shaaban, Waleed
Saafan, Mahmoud M.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Mansoura University
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Article History
Received: 2 December 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 22 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All applicable institutional and national guidelines were followed.
: Informed consent was obtained from all the co-authors of this publication.
: MATLAB software was used as a platform for modeling robotic arms and implementing the proposed algorithms.
