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Authors
Wang, Zhaohui
Zhang, Feng
Zhu, Hanxu
Tian, Zhezhe
Xu, Miaomiao
Fan, Yuchen
Gao, Shuai
Wang, Kai
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MH006)
Crosswise Project of Shandong University (6010123188)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82472260)
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Accepted: 23 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This research protocol was reviewed and approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (approval number “KYLL-202111-244-1”). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to the start of the study. The ethical approval was exempted for the use of the GEO database by the Medical Ethics Committee of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University because the database was public and could be reused without restriction via an open license.
