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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 23 January 2026

First Online: 28 January 2026

Change Date: 4 March 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: The original version of this Article contained errors in the Affiliations. Affiliation 9 was incorrect and consequently has been removed. Kamal A. A. Mohammed correct Affiliation is Affiliation 8. Additionally, Affiliation 7 was incorrectly listed for Thoraya Salah Murtada Sidahmed, Abdelfatah Abdelelah Elzain Hassan, Al-Romaysa M. Osman Khalafalla El-Haj, Nereen A. Almosilhy, Sarah Abdullah Sayed Mahmoud, Maal Osman Omer Mohammed, Abdelrahman Edris OsmanAli, Fatima Awad Othman Hassan, Watfaa Siddeg Mohamed Ibrahim, Manar Mohammedsalih HusseinAbedalla, Mohamed Ashraf Osman Ahmed, Waad Saifeldein Alamin Abdallah and Khalid Mukhtar Awad Hamza. The original Article has been corrected.

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Ministry of Health Research Ethics Committee, Northern State. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki, ensuring respect for participants’ rights and dignity. Participation was entirely voluntary, and no identifying personal information was collected. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.

: The interpretation of results was supported by the use of artificial intelligence assistance provided by OpenAI’s language model, which aided in drafting and refining the results text. The final interpretations and conclusions presented in this study are the result of the authors’ independent analysis.