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Article History

Received: 9 October 2025

Accepted: 27 January 2026

First Online: 7 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study has been approved by the Institutional Review Board of Henan Key Laboratory of Psychology and Behavior ( number: 20230516001) and is conducted in strict accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. Before the implementation of the study, all participants were fully informed of the research purpose, and detailed explanations were provided on key points such as data confidentiality, anonymity protection measures, and the fact that this study does not collect personal identity information. The study was officially initiated only after obtaining the informed consent of all included subjects, so as to ensure that all collected data are used solely for research purposes.