Xing, Fangfang
Xu, Shaoyi
Wang, Yuqiao
Li, Wei
Wang, Chengtao
Funding for this research was provided by:
Funding of Chengdu Guojia Electrical Engineering Company, Ltd., (NEEC-2022-A06)
Natural Science Foundation of China (52174153)
Natural Science Foundation of China (52504175)
Qing Lan Project
Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20221120)
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Rail Infrastructure Durability and System Safety (R202402)
Article History
Received: 19 August 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 5 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.