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Authors
Kanno, Sanae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-7777
Fukuta, Mamiko
Kato, Hideaki
Monma-Otaki, Jun
Nakamura, Yoshimi
Oshima, Toru
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Nagoya City University (grant number 2412004)
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Article History
Received: 27 September 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board for the Protection of Human Subjects in Research at Nagoya City University (approval number: 60-24-0135, approval date: Jan. 25, 2022). All the procedures were approved and performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki. This study was conducted based on the “Ethical Guidelines for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects (enacted by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare in Japan).” Information on the implementation of the study was posted on clinical Research Management Center, Nagoya City University Hospital website ( ). If bereaved family requested to refuse not be used for research purposes, they were excluded from the study.
