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Authors
Zhankorazova, Aizhan
Khamitova, Zaukiya
Tonti, Giovanni
Jumadilova, Dinara
Toktarbay, Bauyrzhan
Khissamutdinov, Nail
Salustri, Alessandro
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (AP23490021)
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Article History
Received: 14 August 2025
Accepted: 28 January 2026
First Online: 6 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The investigation adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki and was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Research Ethics Committee of the Nazarbayev University (approval number: 901/13052024). Written consent was obtained from every participant prior to study enrollment. To protect confidentiality, each subject was given a study ID. Paper documents were kept in locked cabinets in the investigators’ office, while electronic files were kept on computers secured with password protection. Only members of the research team directly involved in the project had access to these data.
