Jadesha, G. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5998-0937
Dhole, Anurag
Deepak, D. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7194-463X
Hubballi, Manjunath
Funding for this research was provided by:
Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal
Article History
Received: 10 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All plant pathologists and certified disease specialists involved in the image annotation process, including the first author (Dr. Jadesha G), provided informed consent to participate in the study. The study did not involve human participants or animals.