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Authors
Wang, Sheng
Fatima, Noor
Shahbaz, Muhammad
Asif, Muhammad
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 9 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants provided informed consent before taking part in the survey. They were assured of voluntary participation, confidentiality, and the use of data solely for research purposes.
: This study has been thoroughly reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the UE Business School, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan, under approval number UE/DM&AS/UEBS/2025/22.
