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Authors
Hong, Mingyao
Gu, Tao
An, Hongyu
Fan, Xu
Zhang, Xinfeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National High Level Clinical Research Funding (BJ-2025-213)
the National Natural Science Foundation of China (62521007)
the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (E2ET1104)
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Article History
Received: 21 November 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The requirement for informed consent was waived by the Beijing Hospital Ethics Committee (2024BJYYEC-KY089-02) because this study was retrospective and used fully anonymized clinical data.
