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Authors
Lin, Jian
An, Dexiang
Lu, Yun https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8815-9960
Yan, Dongmei https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7504-5762
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Youth Talent Development Fund of Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital (KY202403)
Science Foundation of Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University (KD2024KYJJ064)
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Article History
Received: 29 September 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Lianyungang Maternal and Child Health Hospital review board (XM2023048) and was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from at least one parent of all participating children after explanation of the nature of the study.
