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Authors
Tan, Karen M. L.
Tint, Mya Thway
Cabral, Rafael Medeiros
Lau, Ryan
Kee, Michelle Z. L.
Garg, Vandana
De Iorio, Maria
Tan, Sheryl S. L.
Eriksson, Johan G.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Institute for Human Development and Potential, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR).
Haleon, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Pte Ltd
Singapore National Research Foundation under its Translational and Clinical Research (TCR) Flagship Programme (NMRC/TCR/012-NUHS/2014)
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Article History
Received: 7 May 2025
Accepted: 29 January 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Declarations
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: RL, VG and SSLT are employees of Haleon, GlaxoSmithKline Consumer Healthcare Pte Ltd, Singapore. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: The conduct of the GUSTO study was based on the guidelines in the Declaration of Helsinki and all procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the National Healthcare Group, Singapore (D/2009/00021, date of approval 26 Feb 2009) and the Centralized Institutional Review Board of SingHealth, Singapore (2018/2767/D, date of approval 02 March 2009). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
: All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Consent for publication has been obtained from the executive committee of the GUSTO study, from Haleon, GlaxoSmithKline, and from the Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR).
