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Authors
Lin, Chia-Chen https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-7351
Lin, Yen-Heng https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3692-0556
Hsu, I.-Chieh https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5309-8070
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Science and Technology Council (NSTC 113-2410-H-167-012-MY3 and NSTC114-2634-F-005-001-MBK.)
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 30 January 2026
First Online: 3 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Not applicable. This study did not involve experiments on or with human participants. No participants were recruited, and no personal data were collected. All evaluation records were synthetic/simulated and generated solely for system performance testing.
