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Authors
Li, Mingxia
Mao, Jingwen
Huang, Yiwen
Liu, Hao
Wang, Guangping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sichuan Youth Scientific Research Innovation Project Plan of Sichuan Medical Association (Q20012)
Southwest Medical University (2024KQZX19)
Sichuan Scientific Research Project Plan of Sichuan Medical Association (S20028)
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Article History
Received: 4 October 2025
Accepted: 31 January 2026
First Online: 14 February 2026
Declarations
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: All authors declare that there is no conflict of interest related to this study.
: For this retrospective study, formal informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board of The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital, Southwest Medical University (Approval No. 20220913001), as the analysis used anonymised CBCT data obtained during standard diagnostic procedures.
: All procedures followed were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments.
: The ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent due to the use of anonymised CBCT data obtained during standard diagnostic procedures.
