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Article History

Received: 19 July 2024

Accepted: 2 February 2026

First Online: 18 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with all relevant ethical guidelines. Informed consent was obtained from all three professional experts who participated in the subjective evaluation of the knowledge graph. The research exclusively utilized publicly available, anonymized data and de-identified secondary clinical case data. The Unstructured Web Data was sourced from public online platforms where user information is anonymized by the providers. The Semi-structured Clinical Data was fully anonymized by the contributing institution prior to its use in this research, with all personally identifiable information removed. As this study did not involve direct interaction with human subjects or the use of identifiable private information, formal institutional review board (IRB) approval was not required under our institutional guidelines. All data handling procedures were designed to ensure the protection of privacy. Beyond privacy. We recognize risks of content bias and misuse when leveraging web-scraped medical text. To reduce bias, we restricted sources, applied rule-based filters and expert cleaning (Methods), and retained provenance to enable audit and correction. No outputs should be used to diagnose, treat, or guide patient care without licensed clinician oversight. Any clinical deployment will require institutional governance (e.g., IRB or equivalent), prospective validation against guideline-based references and real-world cases reviewed by multi-disciplinary experts, documented versioning and provenance, and an incident-response/deprecation plan. The authors and institutions do not assume liability for clinical outcomes arising from unauthorized use.