Hussen, Muhammed
Muche, Amare
Addisu, Elsabeth
Egata, Gudina
Article History
Received: 30 August 2024
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 13 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Committee of Wollo University. A permission letter was also obtained from Kemise Hospital and Kemise Health Center. All information collected from patient cards were kept strictly confidential and the names of patients on ART were not included in the data collection tool. Ethical clearance was obtained before data collection from the Ethical Review Committee of Collage of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wollo University. Besides, support letter was received from Kemisie General Hospital and Kemisie Health Center after delivering the ethical clearance. Because this study used retrospective medical record data, informed consent was waived by the Ethical Review Committee. Patient identifiers were not collected, and confidentiality was strictly maintained in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.