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Authors
Al Qwaid, Marran
Sarker, Md Tanjil
Karim, Hezerul Abdul
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Article History
Received: 3 November 2025
Accepted: 2 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Multimedia University, Malaysia, and Shaqra University, Saudi Arabia. Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation.
