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Authors
Junior, Marcelo Augusto Fontenelle Ribeiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9826-4722
Wetoska, Nicole https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3400-5873
Possiedi, Rafael Dib https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3678-7920
Efron, David T. https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1136-7238
Kozar, Rosemary https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9582-8622
Catena, Fausto https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5558-9965
Waisberg, Jaques https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2775-8068
Scalea, Thomas M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8794-4108
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 3 February 2026
First Online: 10 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study involved an anonymous, voluntary online survey distributed to practicing surgeons worldwide. Participation required explicit consent, as each respondent was presented with the statement: “The data obtained through this form will be used for research purposes. Do you authorize their use?” Only individuals who selected “Yes” were able to proceed with the questionnaire. All 280 respondents provided informed consent. No identifying personal or institutional information was collected. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Declaration of Helsinki and was exempted from review by the Institutional Review Board of the University of Maryland, Baltimore (IRB reference #HP-00115419).
: All participants were aware of the nature of the study and consented for publication at the end of the questionary.
