Li, Zhanjie
Tang, Chuanyuan
Zang, Feng
Zhang, Xinyue
Wu, Jun
Zhang, Weihong
Zhu, Chuanlong
Funding for this research was provided by:
Chinese Preventive Medicine Association Hospital Infection Department Development Youth Talent Promotion Project (CPMA-HAIC-2024012900108)
Jiangsu Provincial Association for Science and Technology Young Science and Technology Talent Support Project (JSTJ-2023-WJ006)
Jiangsu Science and Technology Think Tank Program (Youth) Project (JSKX24055)
Jiangsu Province Hospital Management Innovation Research Project (JSYGY-3-2023-559)
Project of Chinese Hospital Reform and Development Institute, Nanjing University (NDYG2023039)
The third Outstanding Young and Middle-aged Talents Training Program of Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital (YNRCQN0314)
Young Scholars Fostering Fund of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (PY2022017)
Article History
Received: 23 January 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 7 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was designed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the ethics committee of The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University (Ethic number: 2022-SR-315). All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: All participants in the study had obtained informed consent.