Document is current

Article History

Received: 26 August 2025

Accepted: 4 February 2026

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study did not involve recruitment of human participants, nor any new data acquisition by the authors. All experiments were conducted exclusively on publicly released person re-identification datasets (e.g., PRID-2011 and iLIDS-VID) obtained from the corresponding dataset providers, and used in compliance with their terms of access and use. Therefore, informed consent to participate was not required for this study, as no human subject research activities (e.g., collection or analysis of an individual’s physiological/psychological/genetic/medical information) were performed by the authors. The study uses only data that were publicly released by the original dataset providers for research purposes. The authors did not collect, generate, or publish any new identifiable images beyond what is available in the original dataset releases; accordingly, no additional consent for publication was required for this manuscript.