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Authors
Wubet, Habtie Bantider
Asmare, Temesgen Birlie
Deress, Getachew Mekete
Abuhay, Abere Gebru
Melesew, Amanu Addis
Afework, Walelign Asmie
Damtie, Daniel Getaneh
Tadesse, Molla Amsalu
Abate, Asnake Tadesse
Misker, Agernesh Dereje
Siyoum, Tsehayu Melak
Mekuriaw, Begizew Yimenu
Gedefaw, Gezahagn Demsu
Demissie, Biruk
Gobezie, Negesse Zurbachew
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Article History
Received: 4 April 2025
Accepted: 4 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This retrospective study was reviewed and approved by the Debre Tabor University (DTU) Institutional Review Board (IRB) to ensure compliance with ethical research standards. The DTU IRB evaluated the study’s objectives, methodology, potential risks, and benefits to participants, confirming that all necessary safeguards were in place to protect the rights, privacy, and welfare of the individuals whose data were analyzed. The DTU IRB granted approval for this study under reference number CHS/63/2024. All study procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institution and the Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was waived due to the study’s retrospective nature, with this waiver granted by the DTU Institutional Review Board. The study exclusively utilized anonymized data extracted from existing medical records. No additional interventions or procedures were performed, and no direct contact with patients was required. Strict confidentiality protocols were followed to ensure the protection of patient privacy, and all data were de-identified prior to analysis.
