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Article History

Received: 17 October 2025

Accepted: 6 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

: All methods involving human participants were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the ethical standards of the institutional research committee and the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Institutional Human Ethics Committee, SASTRA Deemed to be University, Thanjavur, India.

: Informed written consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Participants were briefed about the purpose of the study, the procedures involved, and their right to withdraw at any time without consequence. The study involved 15 visually impaired participants (9 males and 6 females), aged between 22 and 58 years, who voluntarily took part in the evaluation of the proposed system.