Guan, Xinchi
Wang, Shaohua
Xu, Min
Ji, Jiahui
Cao, Chunxiang
Funding for this research was provided by:
Key R&D Program of China and Shandong Province, China (2021YFB3901300)
Key R&D Program of China and Shandong Province, China (2021YFB3901300)
Key R&D Program of China and Shandong Province, China (2021YFB3901300)
Key R&D Program of China and Shandong Province, China (2021YFB3901300)
Key R&D Program of China and Shandong Province, China (2021YFB3901300)
the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (E23Z0501)
the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (E23Z0501)
the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (E23Z0501)
the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (E23Z0501)
the International Research Center of Big Data for Sustainable Development Goals (E23Z0501)
Article History
Received: 4 September 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 11 February 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.