Asadullah,
Shoaib, Nosherwan
Khan, Muhammad U.
Ahmed, Ali
Aburas, Atef A.
Abbasi, Qammer H.
Funding for this research was provided by:
UK EPSRC CHEDDAR Communications Hub (EP/X040518/1 and EP/Y037421/1 and ARCOM EP/Z533609/1.)
Article History
Received: 29 November 2025
Accepted: 9 February 2026
First Online: 15 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.