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Article History

Received: 6 October 2025

Accepted: 10 February 2026

First Online: 3 March 2026

Declarations

:

: RO, GDM, KT and ALB: None. HZ: HZ has served at scientific advisory boards and/or as a consultant for Abbvie, Acumen, Alector, Alzinova, ALZpath, Amylyx, Annexon, Apellis, Artery Therapeutics, AZTherapies, Cognito Therapeutics, CogRx, Denali, Eisai, Enigma, LabCorp, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Merry Life, Nervgen, Novo Nordisk, Optoceutics, Passage Bio, Pinteon Therapeutics, Prothena, Quanterix, Red Abbey Labs, reMYND, Roche, Samumed, ScandiBio Therapeutics AB, Siemens Healthineers, Triplet Therapeutics, and Wave, has given lectures sponsored by Alzecure, BioArctic, Biogen, Cellectricon, Fujirebio, LabCorp, Lilly, Novo Nordisk, Oy Medix Biochemica AB, Roche, and WebMD, is a co-founder of Brain Biomarker Solutions in Gothenburg AB (BBS), which is a part of the GU Ventures Incubator Program, and is a shareholder of MicThera (outside submitted work). TG: TG has received unrestricted research grants from AbbVie, Tillotts Pharma AB, has served as speaker for AbbVie, Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Takeda AS, and has been advisory board member for Takeda AS, Johnson & Johnson, Tillotts Pharma AB and Galapagos.

: The study received ethical approval from the Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics in Norway (REK vest 489162). All participants provided written informed consent to participate, and the study was conducted in accordance with the latest revision of the Helsinki Declaration.

: All authors have read the final version of the manuscript and have consented for publication.