Li, Yuanhuan
Azman, Elisa Azura https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7213-6682
Ismail, Roslan
Deng, Xiaohua
Dhar, Shiva
Noviardi, Rhazista
Citraresmini, Ania
Zi, Tao
Yang, Lili https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5050-2741
Article History
Received: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 11 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The collection of tobacco plants and field studies were conducted in accordance with institutional and national guidelines. All samples were taken with landowner consent and for research use only.