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Article History

Received: 10 June 2025

Accepted: 11 February 2026

First Online: 20 February 2026

Declarations

:

: This study was conducted in full compliance with the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki and adhered to international research guidelines. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the University of Education, Winneba. Additional institutional permissions were secured where required. Prior to data collection, all participants received comprehensive information regarding the study’s purpose, procedures, potential risks and benefits, and their voluntary participation. Informed consent was obtained from all participants, with the assurance that they could withdraw at any time without penalty. Confidentiality and anonymity were strictly maintained. All data were encrypted and stored securely on password-protected devices.

: Not applicable. This study did not involve the collection or publication of any personally identifiable information, images, or multimedia content.

: The authors declare no competing interests.