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Authors
Shi, Wentian
Cao, Shangguo
Hou, Qiujin
Zhang, Xiaoqing
Li, Jian
Usman, Haider Muhammad
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research andDevelopment Program of China (2022YFC2406004)
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Article History
Received: 30 August 2025
Accepted: 13 February 2026
First Online: 12 March 2026
Competing interests
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: We confirm that all samples and experiments in the trial have been conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations.
: All experimental protocols in this study, were reviewed and approved by the Ethical Review Committee for Experimental Research of the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University.
