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Authors
Ahmadian, Shahin
Fajri, Mehrsa
Roelen, Bernard A.J.
Abedelahi, Ali
Talebi, Mehdi
Rahbarghazi, Reza
Mahdipour, Mahdi
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (70877)
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Article History
Received: 18 October 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 18 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All experimental protocols, under the Ph.D. project of Shahin Ahmadian title “Study of the restorative effects of engineered exosomes containing Nrf2 activator in a rat model with azoospermia,” were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (approval number IR.TBZMED.AEC.1401.084; approval date: February 13, 2023). All animal procedures were performed in accordance with the ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines, relevant institutional regulations and national guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals. The human serum samples utilized in this project were remnants from routine screenings at the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. These samples were delivered to the laboratory in a completely anonymous manner, with no personal identifiers provided to the research team before the exosome extraction process. The ethics committee waived the requirement for informed consent for the use of these anonymous residual samples.
