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Authors
Zhang, Yan-yan
Li, Wen-jie
Cham, Tat-Huei
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
International Collaborative Science and Technology Finance (Jinan) Innovation Laboratory (JNSX2023078)
Jinan Philosophy and Social Science Project (JNSK2026C183)
Construct program of the key discipline in Zhengzhou Institute of Technology
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Article History
Received: 4 December 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Economics at Shandong Women’s University (Study No. 2025-06-05) and was conducted in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: All individuals who participated in the study were provided with a statement of informed consent. The informed consent clearly explained their rights as research participants.
