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Authors
Alshammari, Abdullah F.
Madfa, Ahmed A.
Anazi, Bassam Ali
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Article History
Received: 2 November 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 25 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The Medical Ethical Committee of the College of Dentistry, University of Ha’il, Saudi Arabia, approved the protocol of this study (Approval No.: H-2025-619). As no human participants were involved, informed consent was not applicable.
