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Authors
Abdullah, Muhammad
Ullah, Aman
Jamal, Muhammad Farooq
Aldakheel, Eman Abdullah
Khafaga, Doaa Sami
Ashraf, Sana
Rasool, Zainab
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNURSP2025R409)
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Article History
Received: 3 July 2025
Accepted: 16 February 2026
First Online: 11 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All participants were provided with a comprehensive consent form and gave their informed consent before taking part in the study. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shenzhen University under the code 201901355.
