Deng, Jiayi
Zhang, Zimiao
Lai, Yueyuan
Chen, Jinpeng
Ma, Xiaomei
Gao, Zhenkai
Lin, Chao
Li, Xiaohong
Wu, Weihao
Chen, Congjie
Shangguan, Xiaohui
Huang, Yanhong
Qiu, Haoran
Qiu, Xiaoming
Chen, Longtian
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Fujian Provincial Natural Science Foundation Program (2023J011894)
the Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project (2022QNA102)
the Longyan Municipal Science and Technology Planning Project (2022LYF17110)
Article History
Received: 9 September 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 20 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Longyan First Hospital (Approval No. LYREC2024-k172-01). Whole blood samples from 13 lupus nephritis patients (diagnosed according to ISN/RPS criteria) and 10 healthy controls were collected after obtaining written informed consent from all participants. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.