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Authors
Debebe, Finot
Weldetsadik, Abate Yeshidinber
Laytin, Adam
Goffi, Alberto
Hassen, Getaw
Sultan, Menbeu
Beza, Lemlem
Merahi, Merahi Kefyalew
Zewdie, Ayalew
Firissa, Yared
Waganew, Woldesenbet
Shimber, Emnet Tesfaye
Adhikari, Neill
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Article History
Received: 9 July 2025
Accepted: 17 February 2026
First Online: 26 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted using secondary data, which was collected and analyzed without direct interaction with human participants. As such, it does not involve ethical concerns related to human subject research, including informed consent or direct patient involvement. The data was obtained from pre-existing sources(ICU logbooks), ensuring anonymity and confidentiality. Therefore, ethical approval was not required for this study.
: Not applicable. This study is based on secondary data analysis, and no identifiable personal information was used. Therefore, consent for publication is not required.
