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Article History

Received: 2 September 2025

Accepted: 18 February 2026

First Online: 26 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study involved the collection of physiological data (heart rate, skin conductance, temperature) from 24 athlete-training sessions and EEG recordings from 12 collegiate basketball players at Shandong Huayu University of Technology. All experimental protocols were reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of Shandong Huayu University of Technology. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the Declaration of Helsinki. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and/or their legal guardian(s) prior to data collection. Video data were derived from publicly available NBA broadcast footage through the Kaggle Basketball Broadcast Dataset ( ). Synthetic EEG signals were generated from the publicly available PhysioNet EEG Motor-Movement dataset. No additional ethical approval was required for the use of these publicly available datasets.