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Article History

Received: 11 August 2025

Accepted: 19 February 2026

First Online: 27 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the School of Management at Wenzhou Business College. The research was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines for research involving human participants. The approval fully covered the data collection via online questionnaire and data analysis in this research.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their involvement in the study. Participants were provided with a clear explanation of the research purpose, procedures, and the approximate time commitment required. They were explicitly informed that their participation was entirely voluntary and that they could withdraw at any time without penalty. To ensure participant anonymity, no personally identifiable information was collected. All data were stored securely, accessed exclusively by the research team, and analyzed in aggregate form to maintain confidentiality. Completion and submission of the online survey were considered as participants’ consent to take part in the research.