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Authors
Ahmed, Hebatalla Abdelmaksoud Abdelmonsef https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1882-6623
Yousef, Ahmed
Abdelwahab, Shady Mohamed
Youssef, Mohamed Adel
Elnozahy, Samah Shalaby
Almater, Reema Saeed
Saddah, Lamia Ahmed
Al-Dhawi, Methqal https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7450-036X
Al-matari, Noor Ebrahim Naji
Al-azab, Mohammed https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0430-9767
Shiba, Hoda Ali Ahmed https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8147-3034
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Kafr El Shiekh University
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Article History
Received: 12 July 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 27 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The study was approved by the Damietta Faculty of Medicine IRB at Azhar University, Egypt (Study ID: DFM-IRB 00012367-25-05-001), and by the Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences IRB at Sana’a University, Republic of Yemen (Study ID: 2025 (4) 8). In addition, official permissions were obtained from the deans of the participating faculties in Egypt, Yemen, and Saudi Arabia prior to data collection. The study was executed by the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later modifications. Informed consent was obtained from all the subjects involved in the study. All participants were given information on the study’s purpose, anonymity, confidentiality, voluntary participation, and privacy statements. Confidentiality had been emphasized throughout the study period.
