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Authors
Li, Wenbo
Yuan, Fang
Gao, Cong
Li, Wenting
Guo, Qirui
Liao, Xiaoling
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China (NO. 2022YFE0209600)
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Article History
Received: 10 September 2025
Accepted: 20 February 2026
First Online: 6 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The ethical approval of CHARLS was granted by the Ethics Review Board of Peking University (IRB00001052-11015). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study. The CHARLS data are de-identified and publicly available at .
: None.
