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Hippopotamus optimization–tuned sigmoid PID controller for load frequency control of a two-area thermal power system with renewable energy sources

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-41620-1

Published Online: 2026-03-02

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Can, Özay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1802-3502
Ayas, Mustafa Şinasi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8113-4817
Şahin, Ali Kıvanç https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4539-6419
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-03-02

Version of Record valid from 2026-04-09
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Article History

Received: 7 May 2025

Accepted: 20 February 2026

First Online: 2 March 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.