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Authors
Zhu, Ziyu
Xi, Wenyu
Wang, Jiawen
Liu, Fengjiao
Feng, Zhenxiao
Ma, Qingyan
Ma, Xiancang
Wang, Yunpeng
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Basic Research Operating Funds of Xi’an Jiaotong University (sxzy012024115)
Institutional Foundation of The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University (2024-MS-19)
Natural Science Foundation of China (82571741)
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Article History
Received: 1 September 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 27 February 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Although this study analyzed publicly accessible data and required no formal ethics approval, we strictly adhered to digital research ethics. Creator privacy was protected by keeping personal identifiers confidential and reporting findings in aggregate to prevent individual stigmatization. This work addresses the ethical imperative to identify health misinformation and reduce associated public health risks.
