Li, Shan
Liu, Jie
Zhang, Kui
Zhao, Kai
Li, Yan
Ma, Hangyu
Fu, Yutao
Chen, Jianzhun
Zhao, Qianhao
Funding for this research was provided by:
Science and Technology Planning Project of Yunnan Provincial Department of Science and Technology (202401AY070001-108)
Open Project of the Clinical Medical Research Center, The First People’s Hospital of Yunnan Province (2023YJZX-LN09)
Article History
Received: 2 September 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Each participant in CHARLS cohort which was conducted under Peking University’s ethics review committee gave their informed permission before taking part (IRB00001052-11015). In addition, the Declaration of Helsinki was followed during our research. The necessary standards and legislation were followed in the execution of all procedures, including the declarations in “Declarations” section.