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Authors
Park, Jin-Hyun
Kong, Seokjin
Lim, Yohwan
Oh, Yunhwan
Chawanid, Porwarat
Gökbulut, Batuhan
Kim, Ju-Wan
Park, Sun Jae
Kim, Hye Jun
Cheon, Sangwook
Kang, Eun Seok
Jang, Seohui
Lee, Jeongin
Kang, Minjeong
Kwak, Taeho
Kim, Yihyun
Song, Jihun
Khil, Jaewon
Lee, Su Kyoung
Kim, Jae-Min
Jeong, Seogsong
Lee, Hwamin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00440371)
Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology (P0023675)
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Article History
Received: 14 November 2025
Accepted: 23 February 2026
First Online: 10 March 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. Study protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Korea University Guro Hospital (2024GR0375). Informed consent was waived because the NHIS database contains fully anonymized data in accordance with national privacy regulations.
: All the authors have consented for publication.
