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Authors
Karjula, Topias https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2342-6034
Elomaa, Hanna
Väyrynen, Sara A.
Pohjanen, Vesa-Matti
Ahtiainen, Maarit
Böhm, Jan
Mecklin, Jukka-Pekka
Wirta, Erkki-Ville
Seppälä, Toni T.
Sihvo, Eero
Yannopoulos, Fredrik
Helminen, Olli
Väyrynen, Juha P.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Finnish State Research Funding
Jane ja Aatos Erkon Säätiö
Syöpäsäätiö
Sigrid Juséliuksen Säätiö
Academy of Finland
iCAN Precision Medicine Flagship of the Academy of Finland
Relander Foundation
Instrumentariumin Tiedesäätiö
Mary och Georg C. Ehrnrooths Stiftelse
Emil Aaltosen Säätiö
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Article History
Received: 20 August 2025
Accepted: 24 February 2026
First Online: 2 March 2026
Declarations
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: T.T.S. declares consultation fee from Amgen Finland. T.T.S is CEO and co-owner of Healthfund Finland and Clinical Advisory board member of LS Cancer Diag. The other authors declare no conflict of interest.
: The Oulu University Hospital Ethics Committee (EETMK 152/2008) approved the study. The Finnish National Authority of Medicolegal Affairs (VALVIRA) waived the need for informed consent due to the retrospective nature of the study. The study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.
